Family and Issue

The first Issue is all about the genealogy of Kamapua`a. He was the enemy of the Lava Goddess Pele who lived in Kilauea. -The second Issue is the story of how his mother was born and kapu’d for the king but she fell in love with the King’s brother and gave birth to 3 children and a pig child. The youngest child was taken to the sky and turned into a kind of rain while the others were adopted into grandmothers home. The grandmother says a chant and Kamapua`a gains powers to change body forms. The third Issue is about the Pig- Child using his powers to plant a whole taro patch with his youngest borhter in a single day, as to where the older brother trying to do it by himself would have taken several days. Kamapua`a finishes both gardens single-handedly.This issue also show the love between him and his family, they treat him very nicely and praise him for all that he does. This issue ends with Kamapua`a stealing chickens from nearly the whole island. He will be going for t he Kings chicken coop next. -The fourth issue is about how the pig continues to go out and steal chickens, continuously getting closer to the kings roost when he finds a mystical chicken that he leaves. He rested for 3 days because he was tired of chasing chickens. He the got up and raided Kailua. The people of Kailua came thinking that Kamapua`a did it but he changed into a sick looking pig. The pig then went and raided the kings chickens and got seen and chased by the guards -The fifth issue is about how the King sends armies to kill a little pig but cannot overcome the magic powers of Kamapua`a. Kamapua`a is constantly outsmarting his opponents.He is found sleeping under a rock and is taken prisoner, being stabbed with a stone dagger the whole time. That is where the fifth issue ends. -In the sixth issue Kamapua`a was dead and came back to life, killing everyone who was against him. He then sailed to Kauai and found one of the chiefs daughters who had fainted. He brought her back to consciousness and made her his woman. In this issue he meets his new father in law and learns of his brother in law who causes terror and havoc on the island. Kamapua`a tells his wife that he will go to challenge, she objects but it will not be enough to stop him.

Invasion of Privacy in Sports

Invasion of Privacy in Sports Introduction Do we even have any privacy anymore? With todays fast paced, never ending social networks and media outlets, it seems that nothing could get through its grasps. Invasion of Privacy is described as â€Å"A reasonable expectation of privacy involves an intentional or negligent highly offensive intrusion into the plaintiffs private life and resulting in damages to the plaintiff' (Mulrooney ; Styles, 2012, p. 13). In sports there are several ways in which athletes or sports fgures privacy could be invaded. The question is, is it Invasion of Privacy, or did they simply Just feel violated?Description of Invasion of Privacy Every individual has a right to his or her own privacy. When they feel that right has been violated, it becomes an issue of what a reasonable person believes is an invasion of privacy, and whether or not it caused damages to the person. A reasonable person has to base their opinion on Judgment calls instead of basing them on a mandated set of rules or guidelines. There are different situations for every intrusion, with no set guidelines to follow, but â€Å"a reasonable expectation of privacy is used to determine aspects of a plaintiffs life that would be deemed private† (Mulrooney ; Styles, 2012, p. ). An intrusion does not have to include physical contact either, but must cause damages to the plaintiff. Posting a picture of an underage child may cause â€Å"Emotional distress or mental anguish [and] is sufficient cause for damages and therefore the plaintiff does not need to prove and special damages† (Mulrooney ; Styles, 2012, p. 13). Four Elements Invasion of Privacy includes four elements of Public Disclosure. The first is that â€Å"defendant must disclose private facts that are highly offensive† (Mulrooney ; Styles, 2012, p. 13-14).Unless they are not considered offensive to a reasonable person, here is no case to begin with. Second, the public should have no interest or reason to know the information that was made public. Personal matters are a shaky issue. Depending on your status in the public eye depends on how a reasonable person views you. If you are celebrity, athlete, or politician, more than likely anything that happens in your personal life will get out in public and will not be considered an invasion of privacy because of the status of the individual in the general public.On the other hand, let us take an everyday citizen, who may have some kind of medical condition. If their doctor tells the media about it, they would have a legitimate case of invasion of privacy. There is no reason for the public to know, and it may have been highly offensive to the individual. Thirdly, the defendant must be wrong for their intrusion on the plaintiffs privacy. If we stick with the sick patient and the doctor, the doctor had not right for telling anyone about his patient's medical condition. The doctor has a right to not disclose of his patients information to the public, no matter how bad the patient may be.Last, the act or information brought forth must have aused damages to the plaintiff, whether it is physical or non-physical. Although the doctor may not have harmed their patient physically, it would have caused emotional distress. Defenses Consent, the main to detense to invasion ot privacy, is a very â€Å"watery' detense. There are three types of consent, but without all the details the defense may be weak. Express consent is based on written or oral communication, apparent consent is when a reasonable person believes consent has been given, and implied consent (Mulrooney ; Styles, 2012, p. ). If all the information is not provided, consent may be ithdrawn before anything is written up about a case. A second defense is newsworthiness. The media can say that almost every story or publication is newsworthy. However, the plaintiff can claim that their â€Å"image is not being used for commercial gain (Mulrooney & Styles, 2012, p. 1 4). The last defense to invasion of privacy is the unauthorized use of a person's likeness. Taking a person's name or company's logo, using it to advertise, and gaining a profit from is illegal and the plaintiff will be rewarded damages.Street vendors for sporting events are a perfect example of this. They sell t-shirts before and after the game outside of a stadium. The t-shirts may have the name of the city, say Cleveland, but not the name of a team or their logo. If they used their name or logo, it would be considered using the likeness of that organization, and taking away profit from their organization in merchandise sales. Problem it Creates for Sport Managers Looking at how invasion of privacy is structured, those in sports can have a lot of problems with it.As stated above, it becomes a Judgment decision by a reasonable person on whether one feels they were violated or not. Being a coach or one working n the sports field, you have to be wary of any incidents it may cause or put you in with others. As a coach, you may be a responsible person, but who says your team will be. Look at the Duke Lacrosse team. They ended up having to forfeit their entire season, and the coach got fire due to a false rape charge. The alleged rape was at a Duke party where the entire was at (Kwak, 2006). The media and fans play a big role in it.If a player has a bad game, they can get bombarded and lambasted by the media and fans in more ways than one. Not only directly after the game, it's at every press conference, before and after every practice, n every sports network, on every sports website, and so on. That's Just the media. The fans can take to social media such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, etc. and harass them that way. They can also visit the player's house, send them letters, emails, or call them. The damages done here could be classified as invasion of privacy and emotional distress, depending on what occurs.Current Situation Future Trends Case 1: Bilney vs. The Evening Star Details The 1977 Maryland men's varsity basketball team had to deal with an act of Invasion of Privacy regarding four of their players and the media. In Bilney vs. The Evening Star, basketball players John Bilney, Larry Gibson, Jo Jo Hunter, and Billy Bryant were named in editions of the Washington Post, Washing Star, and the Diamondback, telling of their poor grades and academic probations. With their grades brought out in public, the student-athletes made the decision to sue the publishers ot the newspapers and the writers involved.

Approaches to Teaching Listening Skills

Approaches to Teaching Listening Skills Among the other four skills, listening is the one that has been most forgotten and neglected in second language classrooms. So teachers don’t pay much attention to this skill and teach it carelessly. In the field of language teaching and learning proficiency has tended to be viewed as the ability of speaking and writing in language in question. Listening and reading skills are in the second position. One reason for this situation might be the demanding characteristic of the listening skill. Listening has gained a new importance in language classrooms after spreading IT technology based information in society in Iran. Moreover it should be mentioned that most of the students’ class time is devoted to the listening. Despite this, we often take importance of listening for granted, and it is the most overlooked skill among other skills. In natural order of learning any language, listening stands at first rank. Without any reception one can not produce anything. Though, if a teacher wants to have fluent and productive students, he/she should pay much and necessary attention to teaching listening skill. Listening Some of the teachers believe that speaking should be actively discouraged. One of the reasons of emphasizing listening and delaying speaking is based on an opinion. Those who give importance to speaking view the language as a product and think that language is a behavior and speaking is the manifestation of this learning or happening. On the contrary, there are approaches that gave more importance to listening Nation, Newton (2009). in this approach of language learning , listening is at the center. All of the information necessary for building up the knowledge for using language comes from receptive skills: listening, and reading. When the knowledge of language in this regard is built the learner can write and speak. In other words, with out any input, the outcome or output should be nothing. Gray and Gray (1981) described the benefits of del aying speaking and concentrating on listening. These benefits include the following: † 1. The learner is not overloaded by having to focus on two or more skills at the same time-a cognitive benefit. 2. Speed of coverage -receptive knowledge grows faster than productive knowledge. 3. It is easy to move very quickly to realistic communicative listening activities. 4. L earners will not feel shy or worried about their language classes. Having to speak a foreign language, particularly when you know very little, can be a frightening experience. 5. Listening activities are well studied to independent learning through listening to readings.† Critics believe that producing a language is not sufficient for learning. In language learning substantial quantities of receptive activity should be included in the mind for future use. To speak communicatively and to convey and understand the meaning, one should have a previous language knowledge and information in his/her mind. Models of listening Traditionally listening was viewed as a passive skill through which the listener or hearer received information sent by message senders. More recently listening is viewed as an active and interpretive process by which the message is not fixed but is made or created by participants. (Newton,Nation.2009)

Importance of Management Information Systems Assignment

Importance of Management Information Systems - Assignment Example I agree with the author’s claims about Management Information Systems (MIS) being the most important class a student can take in an undergraduate business class. This is so because it is all about how people whether as an individual entity, a group or even the whole organization can use the set systems and technology to make decisions for the benefit of the whole organization. The good thing about this is that it encourages uniform decision making and hence no extreme decisions that may affect productivity and sustainability of the organization negatively can take place.   The author mentions that the greatest advantage of an MIS is the fact that it can be utilized in any department in the organization whether   in marketing, accounting and finance, manufacturing, human resource department, in the social application or even in other general departments (Gupta 255). This is true and I agree with it because MIS has a set of systems it proposes organizations or groups to use and once they are engaged, they can be able to pinpoint out the areas the company or group needs to improve on and which ones are already perfect. This can happen in any department as long as the records kept are correct and updated. I however disagree with the author’s assertions that an MIS system is not as effective when utilized by an individual entity as it is when utilized by a group of people or the whole organization (Gupta 356). I disagree because MIS has already set systems in place and hence anyone with good knowledge of how to utilize them can gain meaningful results similar to what an organization or a group of people get.   

Jewish Migration to the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jewish Migration to the United States - Essay Example These migrations took place between 1919 and 1924. The Jews from Russia, on the other hand, began their westward foray earlier in 1880 and continued to trickle in towards 1913. This was the time when the Jews from the other Eastern European states began to journey towards the American shores. The Jews from Eastern Europe were close to 20 million, while those from Russia were about 2 million. Most of the Jews came to America through the Ellis Island, only to lay claim over the vast multi cultural terrains of large and crowded cities like New York and the Midwest. (Universiteit Leiden). There are a variety of reasons that have supported the Jewish immigration to America. Primary among these are reasons like political freedom as well as religious reasons. The Jews in general, have been an oppressed lot. Their religious duties bound them to a certain way of life which was soon stifling the slowly modern sensibilities that began to emerge just prior to the first world in communities the world over. There was a sudden surge of new found consciousness which the Jews felt too scared to acknowledge in their present locations. (Parrillo, 2002) The land called America presented them with opportunities galore. ... The land that belonged to the peasants was snatched away from them while children were forced to decide which profession to enter into by the age of 16 in order to ensure that they were not thrown into the torturous Russian army. The Russian army was fast becoming a target of negative publicity with its increasing number of suicide cases. (Universiteit Leiden). Further, in a free land like America, the Jews from Russia as well as Eastern Europe found that they had little need or pressure to affiliate themselves and their entire lifestyles with a certain political way of thinking or political party. This was a refreshing change and helped the Jews breathe in peace. Many Jews came to America temporarily at first, as political refugees, in order to join the labor force and earn a decent living before returning to their homeland in the hope that it will be free by the time they are done with their American tenure. This was the reason why many Jews did not enter into land ownership at the very onset like most of the other migrants like the Irish and Chinese. (Parrillo, 2002) These reasons were vastly different from the Irish, Chinese and Japanese migration experiences. The Irish entered America as a result of the famines that were constantly leaving them in a state of hunger and acute poverty, during 1840 to 1890. The Chinese on the other hand, migrated to America as a result of the Gold Rush in California. These migrations took place during the 1800s and were marked by an air of success and wealth. The Chinese migrants were essentially skilled craftsmen as well as merchants which eventually garnered a lot of discrimination against them. The Japanese, on the other hand, migrated to America in great numbers between 1886 and 1911, in order to make the most of the

Cost Accounting and Management Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cost Accounting and Management Decisions - Essay Example Company Description Alcoa is an American manufacturing organisation which deals in producing primary aluminium and fabricated aluminium. Furthermore, the organisation is also known as one of the biggest drillers of bauxite and refiner of alumina in an international context. The primary products of Alcoa are divided into two major categories which are aluminium products and non-aluminium products. Aluminium products of Alcoa comprise alumina, primary metals, flat-rolled products and engineered products and solutions. On the other hand, non-aluminium products of Alcoa include industrial fastenings, precision casting and aerospace products (Alcoa Inc, 2013). Impact of Changes in the Variable Cost / Fixed Cost Structure of Alcoa on Cost- Volume Profit Analysis Decisions by Managers Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis is often argued to assist in taking decisions about business operations for any manufacturing organisation. It is applied as a method of inspecting the link between fixed and variable expenses with respect to number of manufacturing units and related profits. In order to use the CVP analysis, there is need for analysing the business operations obtaining an unambiguous understanding of fixed expenses incurred by the business in comparison to variable expenses. Therefore, any kind of changes in the fixed expense and variable expenses can impact on CVP analysis and product manufacturing decisions of a particular business like Alcoa. For instance, through CVP analysis, Alcoa can determine the cost of its products more accurately than the traditional method. As a CVP analysis develops a clear understanding of the fixed and variable costs incurred by a manufacturing firm, accountants and managers are likely to gain better control on the total costs of any product comprising certain fixed and variable components. With a better control on the total cost, these components can be used in order to clarify variations in product price as well as variations in expense s. As the number of quantity produced increases, per unit variable and fixed expenses are quite likely to decrease to a certain extent. Hence, per unit expenses will also reduce with respect to a decline in fixed and variable expenses rewarding the company with greater opportunity to serve its customers either with increased supply quantity or at a competitive price maintaining its profitability. Stating precisely, by understanding the fixed and variable expenses structure of Alcoa, the managers of the organisation can determine the level to which minimisation of prices of products would not compromise the profit gain per unit (Wiley, 2004). Analysis of the Current Cost System of Alcoa There are two major types of costing system which can be used by an organisation namely traditional costing system and Activity Based Costing (ABC) system. In this context, it has been observed that Alcoa uses the ABC costing system in its business operations for determining the cost of products as we ll as for framing its budgeting strategies (Krishnan, 2006). ABC system divides every manufacturing activity explicitly and determines the portion of overhead expenses which are used for manufacturing one unit of a product. Contextually, the ABC system makes possible for Alcoa to establish more comprehensive factory management structures. With an apparent view of cost of products grounded on ABC system, the managers of Alcoa are

UPS Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

UPS Case Study - Essay Example There are very few companies operating in the Packaged Express industry and one of them is UPS. In 2008, the packaged express industry was dominated by FedEx which accounted for 58.2% of the market share from delivering overnight letters. UPS earned a revenue of 15.6% and United States Postal service accounted for 12.2%. The Packaged Express industry comprises three segments: Overnight letters, Courier service and Small parcels. UPS had a firm and strong background. UPS was one of the dominant firms in the â€Å"Small parcel† segment. UPS and FedEx ranked internationally as one of the worlds best packaged delivery sytem. Apart from its long standing history and firm background, the company UPS has always maintained an efficient distribution network (White and Belman, 2005). In the late 1980s the company faced certain challenges that any shipping corporation would have faced. These included shipping errors like delivering the package at the wrong address or loading the delivery package in the wrong bus. These kinds of errors occurred frequently. At that time UPS relied on manual data but gradually it started investing in technology because it realized that internet and technology acted like a catalyst which improved the distribution network of the company (Motiwalla and Thompson, 2008). The company conducted a SWOT analysis immediately to identify its threats and weakness. Cost cutting was their major initiative. They laid off 2000 employees working in the Washington headquarter in the year 1971. This policy was continued by the other branches of UPS. The company realized that reduced staff and increased machinery would double their productivity levels. However, there was a negative impact on the employees and the company profits. The faulty machineries and the reduced number of staff could not cope up with the sudden pressures. Moreover, the existing staff could not recreate the charm of the old staff. Many employees were forced to take a voluntary

PRESENTATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PRESENTATION - Essay Example (Hughes, et al 2004 p.160). Danforth Prince and Darwin Porter (2004) state that the Tate Modern is viewer-friendly with eye-level hangings.(p.166). The national collection of British art from 1500 to the present day, as well as international modern art from 1900 are displayed. The collection is spread over five floors, and encompasses art in all its forms. The works are displayed thematically rather than chronologically. The Tate Modern is famous for its special exhibitions. (Berry; Else 2005 p.109). In some rooms, paintings, sculptures and installations are placed adjacent to each other. Olson et al (2004) feel that the thematic display concept is challenging, â€Å"but they often seem spurious, lacking the quirky spirit of a mixed private collection where one person’s taste is the guide.† (p. 405). Customer Profile: Every year the Tate Modern works with a market research company to find out more about its visitors. Some of the findings of Tate Audience Research 2005-2006, at the art gallery by the BDRC: Business Development Research Consultants, are presented1: Nationality: Visitors from all over the world visit Tate Modern, from which a third are from Europe, most of whom live in London, others in the South East and in the rest of UK. 43% of visitors are male and 57% female. Frequency: At Tate Modern, an average of 45% of visitors are on their first visit, 43% have visited in the last 12 months and 12% have been over a year ago. Age-group: More than a third of the visitors at Tate Modern are in the age group of 25-34. The next largest age group is 17-24, followed by the group 45-59 years old, and only 9% are 60+ in age. Display of Braque’s Work in Tate Modern: The entire range of Braque’s work is on display. Having trained in Art, in 1906 Braque began painting landscapes in the ‘Fauve’ style. But in

Difference among Brick and Mortar Businesses Assignment - 10

Difference among Brick and Mortar Businesses - Assignment Example Web stores refer to a form of electronic business whereby clients directly buy products from a seller over the Internet with no an intermediary service (Recklies 57). Web stores are also referred to as online shops. An online shop excludes the physical equivalence of buying goods or services at shopping centers or bricks-and-mortar retailers. The process is referred to as a business-to-consumer (B2C) Internet shopping. When a company buys from another company it is referred to as B2B online shopping. B2B stands for business-to-business. The largest online retailing businesses are Amazon.com as well as eBay. They are both based in the United States. A catalog business is also another form of retailing. The business trades in a wide variety of personal products as well as household. Most catalog businesses emphasize on jewelry. Unlike a self-serve retail shop, a majority of the items in the catalog shop are not displayed. Clients pick the products from written catalogs in the shop and fill out an order paper. The order is taken to the sales desk, where a clerk fetches the items from the warehouse to a payment and checkout desk. The catalog business has lower prices than other traders plus lower expenses because of the smaller size of the store (Recklies 60). A restaurant’s value chain should incorporate producers, aggregators, processors, distributors, wholesale buyers, farmers markets, consumers plus a wide variety of essential supporters (Recklies 156). Casa Nueva, a restaurant in Athens, had been purchasing local plus practicing season expansion on its own for many years. The restaurant has, however, in the recent days, been applying the value chains elements, and its sells have boosted up.

Creating and marketing a new product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Creating and marketing a new product - Essay Example In relation to the present trend of this respective business industry, it can be viewed that customers are highly inclined towards buying handmade soft toys including souvenir items and stuffed animals among others for different purposes (Toy Industry Association Inc, 2012). In this regard, the primary purpose of this essay is to create an effective marketing plan for new product i.e. handmade soft toys, which could be legally sold in the UK business market. 2. Marketing Strategy 2.1 Market Entry Strategy An effective market entry strategy typically involves various strategic decisions in relation to various influencing factors of host country. The organizations in the present competitive business world tend to incorporate adequate measures while seeking to expand their business units into different overseas business markets (Kotler, 2001). In order to attain a large consumer base in the growing handcrafted or handmade soft toy industry, the initial stage of the play will be focused on analysing the present trends along with the demands of the consumers towards the respective industry. In this regard, an effective consumer analysis will be conducted, which in turn can enable the organization in identifying the desired needs along with the preferences of the target customer group in the market. The product will be marketed under the flagship of Toys R Us, one of the leading toy retailers which currently operate more than 1500 retail toy stores across different business locations of the world (The Toys R Us, 2013). Marketing of handcrafted or handmade soft toys under the flagship of Toys R Us would enable to attract huge figure of customers across the growing UK market. Additionally, the admired brand image and enhanced customer reliability can be duly considered as effective strengths for the proposed product, which can grasp the attention of the consumers in the long-run. 2.2. Target Market and Segmentation Strategy Targeting along with segmenting appropriate g roup of customers can be regarded as an effective strategy, which can facilitate the marketers to attain superior competitive position in any business field. Moreover, the marketers in the present competitive business environment are highly focused on targeting a particular customer segment in order to build a strong brand image in any respective industry (Goi, 2009). In this regard, the target market and segmentation strategy relating to the product of handmade soft toys will be focused on differentiating consumers into two broad segments. First segment would be targeting the children within the age group of 2 to 6 years in the form of delivering handmade soft toys to them and second segment will be targeting young adults through presenting handmade showpieces. This can further enable the organisation to obtain more customers in the UK market. 2.3 Marketing Mix Strategy 2.3.1 Product Product can be regarded as one of the core attributes for an organization, which depicts the image of the company and also ensures to predict its future growth in any respective industry and/or market (Kotler, 2001). In relation to the proposed marketing plan for handcrafted or handmade soft toys, the product would be focused on collecting exceptional soft toys and stuffed animals that are made from quality based materials and textiles in a fully furnish process. 2.3.2 Price The pricing strategy of a new product can be further considered as an essential factor, which can enable an organization to

Ethics of end of life care Essay Example for Free

Ethics of end of life care Essay Ethics often play a big role in end of life care in terminally ill people, such as the case of Hassan Rasouli, a man who was left with brain damage following surgery. Doctors determined that the man had no quality of life and that they had intended to remove him from life support measures that were necessary to keep him alive. His family quickly objected stating that they wanted him to remain on life support as in there Muslim religion it was imperative to preserve life. Doctors insisted that he should be removed, as there were no signs of life without artificial means, that the facial movements his family thought to be Mr. Rasouli smiling at them were just involuntary movements. The doctors feel that keeping the man on life support is inhumane verses letting him pass peacefully. The doctors have taken the case to the courts. This is an issues that is very common in todays times, with multiple factors playing a part from old age to terminal diseases, many people enact advance directives requarding their end of life care removing the debate of what their wishes were. The courts sided with the family and allowed the man to remain on artificial life support. An evaluation by a neurologist with the University of Western Ontario’s Brain and Mind Institute, found that Mr. Rasouli did in fact have some neurological function and therefor he was declared minimally conscious and not in a persistive vegetative state, however there is not a large difference in the two.

Hypertension in the South Side Essay Example for Free

Hypertension in the South Side Essay The population of the Southside Neighborhood in Chattanooga, Tennessee is roughly six hundred and seventy three people. The races residing in this community are blacks, Hispanic, native Hawaiian and other races. The black community is the largest followed by the Hispanic community. In the population of this community, the males are three hundred and eighty while the females are two hundred and ninety three. In addition to this, in this community, about two hundred and fifty people have hypertension. The people with high blood pressure are mostly the African American adults and the old people as well as people from the Hispanic background. Literature Review Hypertension or high blood pressure basically means high tension or pressure in the arteries. Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the heart to all the organs and tissues of the body. In addition to this, hypertension does not necessarily mean excessive emotional tension though stress and emotional tension can temporarily increase the blood pressure of an individual. The normal blood pressure of a person is below 120/80 and the blood pressure between 139/89 and 120/80 is known as pre-hypertension and a blood pressure of 140/90 or above is considered high blood pressure (Weir, 2006). The top number is the systolic blood pressure and it corresponds to the pressure in the arteries as the heart contracts and pumps the blood forward into the arteries (Weir, 2006). The bottom number is the diastolic pressure and it normally reflects the lowest pressure to which the arteries are exposed to (Weir, 2006). An elevation of the diastolic or the systolic blood pressure increases the risk of developing cardiac disease, renal disease, hardening of the arteries, and stroke and eye damage. These complications of high blood pressure are normally referred to as end-organ damage due to the fact that damage to these vital organs is the result of chronic hypertension. For this reason, the diagnosis of hypertension is vital so that efforts can be made to normalize blood pressure of a person and thus prevent further complications. According to Turncock (2007), the American Heart Association approximates high blood pressure roughly affects one in three people in the U. S. It is also expected that high blood pressure will affect about two million children and teens and this clearly portrays that high blood pressure is a major health problem in America. Hypertension normally tends to rise with age and this explains the reason that some of the old people in the Southside Neighborhood have high blood pressure. Most of these old people in this neighborhood are older than fifty years old. The most common form of hypertension that they have is the Isolated systolic hypertension. This kind of hypertension only occurs when the systolic blood pressure that is the top number is high. About two adults out of three adults in this community over the age of fifty five who have hypertension have the isolated systolic hypertension (Weir, 2006). In addition to this, the African American population in the community tends to have more severe high blood pressure and is likely to have it earlier in their lives according to the Chattanooga Hamilton Health Department. However, most of them are more likely to be aware that they have hypertension and normally get treatment faster than the Hispanic community residing in the Southside Neighborhood. On the other hand, according to the Chattanooga Hamilton Health Department, the members of the black community have higher rates than the Caucasians of other causes of death other than die from hypertension related complications such as kidney failure and stroke (Turncock, 2006). The Southside neighborhood faces some risks that are prone to hypertension in the future. For instance, a significant number of some teenagers in the neighborhood are obese or overweight and this makes them more likely to develop pre-hypertension. Being overweight is having extra body weight from bone, muscle, water and fat while being obese is having a high amount of fat deposits in the body. However, fewer adult women in the neighborhood have hypertension. In the Southside Neighborhood, there is a community asset that supports the local public health system in promoting health and improving the quality of life. This asset is the Chattanooga Hamilton County Health Department. And it has been quite successful in carrying out its mandate. The Chattanooga Hamilton County Health Department main roles are to track and investigate health problems and hazards in the Southside community. It has been quite instrumental in advocating for healthy eating habits in an attempt to curb the high rates of obesity that are quite apparent in most teenagers in Southside neighborhood. The Chattanooga Hamilton County Health Department has collaborated with the Tennessee Department of Health to use the populating health information systems such as the hypertension registries in an attempt to find out the kind of people at risk of contracting hypertension. In the Southside neighborhood, the residents are somewhat exposed to air pollution and this can have an adverse effect on them that may lead to hypertension. Polluted air has a negative effect on a person due to the fact that blood normally per fuses all of the organs and carry beneficial substances and toxic substances to other organs. In most cases, air pollution is the source of materials that may enter the bloodstream through the mouth, nose, skin as well as the digestive tract. Harmful chemicals such as lead, benzene and heavy metals, volatile nitrites, carbon monoxide, herbicides and pesticides. According to Stoto (2000), these substances are known to produce harmful effects on the bone marrow, blood, lymph nodes and spleen. In addition to this, the blood cells of a person are regularly undergoing turnover with new cells entering the circulation as the mature cells are lost thus making the blood system very vulnerable to environmental poisoning. For instance, lead normally interferes with the normal formation of the red blood cells by inhibiting some significant enzymes. Furthermore, lead damages the membranes of the red blood cells and interferes with the cell metabolism is a manner that somewhat shortens the survival of each cell (Swayne, 2006). In addition to this, some airborne chemicals normally stimulate the immune system to activate macrophages and leukocytes that can produce extensive damage to the tissues, especially to the cells that normally line the blood vessels. Therefore, the combined effect of these events is to speed up changes that ultimately lead to hypertension or high blood pressure. Therefore, the health departments in Southside neighborhood, Chattanooga should ensure that the residents do not come across heavy metals such as lead that is commonly found in children toys and they should also carry out epidemiology programs in an attempt to be aware of any diseases that might be detrimental to the community. Additionally, this health department should raise the residents awareness of the chemicals discussed above as they can cause hypertension or high blood pressure. The local public health system, private medical practitioners and other interested parties in the Southside neighborhood should come together and adapt a Less Stress Health Program, which will consist of seven parts. These parts should be plan well, move well, pray well, eat well, sleep well, think well and abstain well. If adapted by this neighborhood, this program can prevent hypertension as well as the other diseases that are normally borne out of high blood pressure such as renal failure. By enjoying life well, moving well and eating well, the residents of the neighborhood can reduce the chances of contracting high blood pressure. In addition to this, this program should help the residents of the neighborhood to lead healthy lifestyles by taking measures such as developing fitness plans, lowering their blood cholesterol, lowering body weigh, improving their sleep, relaxing through spiritual nourishment as well as developing hopeful and positive thinking patterns and support (Rowitz, 2009). In due time, all these factors if taken seriously by the residents of the Southside neighborhood, then hypertension and other diseases can be an issue of the past. Additionally, this program should adapt the four steps to better health. The first step will be to record the health data. Secondly, with the aid of any health educator is to set goals in each area of the neighborhood. The third step should be to start to make some needed changes and create less-stress health seminars that will offer advice to the neighborhood on how best to combat or prevent hypertension. The fourth step would be to repeat the health record after every three and seven weeks in order to efficiently serve the neighborhood with the necessary advice regarding how to live or prevent hypertension (Weir, 2006). Furthermore, this program should hold campaign against unhealthy behaviors such as lack of physical activity, poor diet and tobacco use as they are risk factors for getting high blood pressure. In addition to this, obesity and overweight are risk factors for hypertension and this program needs to cater to the young people in the Southside neighborhood as some of them are already obese and this can lead to hypertension or other serious illnesses. Lately in the Southside neighborhood, private and public programs are being designed to promote healthy behavior among the youth. In addition to this, employers are becoming more aware that obesity and being overweight as well as smoking as these habits are affecting the productivity and health of their employees and in the end, this affects the businesses. The result of this is that innovative employers are providing their workers with a range of work-site –based health promotion and programs that prevent diseases such as hypertension. In the long run, these programs will improve the health of the workers as well as increase their productivity and capitulate a noteworthy return on investment for the employers (Pinger, 2008).

Social Networking Playing A Role In Our Generation Media Essay

Social Networking Playing A Role In Our Generation Media Essay Social networking websites play a major role in our generation as time increase. Social networking is all around us any where we go. One Famous website consider a social networking website is schoolnotes.com .Websites like Facebook allow for relationships to be created on their website. Thiers is a lot of hidden benefits you may not see at first. Small and invisible things like these websites builds creativity and help develop computer skills in younger generation as well as old. When there is good in something there are lots of negatives that come with these kinds of websites such as; the information post on theses website causes a danger for the user. These websites can also be used for evil with crimes such as cyber bullying. These social networking websites come with many benefits such as reconnecting family and many down falls for example these websites have many sexual predators Networking Today. The way Social networking works is fairly new to this generation but is greatly embrace at a rapid speed. These websites work by you signing up to their website. Once you are stored in their database you can add friends you know by searching for them. Once you find your friends that you know you are part of their network and they are as well a part of you network. From this connection you can see who else is in your friend network and see if you know them. You can even see who is in your friends friend network Social Networking in Plain English. These websites just connect different users who know each other together with the middle man being the website removing the position of a postal service. This can be problematic too because different people can search and find you and add you. This can be very bad allowing all your information posted on these websites to be view to many unwanting people. The first of its kind was sixdegree.com social networking.  and followed other major we bsites for example Facebook, MySpace, eHarmony. A major websites implanted in our life is YouTube. YouTube  is a video-sharing Web site on which users can view, upload, and download video (YouTube). Social networking websites can be used to build relationship with other users with the user accessing the website Networking Today. Websites like MySpace and Facebook can be international accessed for almost any country. Many families in other countries can communicate with distant family in real time. From personal experience of being an immigrant in the United States of American i can personally say that this feature is very helpful. This feature that allows me to keep international connects with my family in Trinidad helps keep the bond that was broken with the migration. These features are available absolutely free with these websites. Many of my friends are created in school, but these websites offer a whole new way to communicate with these individuals. Instead of text messaging or emailing students can communicate real time using IM or Instant Messaging. These services are free to the standard user. This website gives a user the ability to learn new information about their fri ends and find out what might be the best present for their birthday the next time. Social Networking websites also builds creativity in students in many ways. Websites like MySpace give the ability to anyone to create and edit photo and videos for the world to see, rate, or comment on the image they created. Other opportunities rise from these websites like the way of being invited to a social event and entertain and have fun meeting new people. Social networking websites is close to eliminating the social hierarchy in high schools allowing everyone to talk and share information about their selves. Social networking has many opportunities to be very potential. President Barack Obama used websites like these for his presidential race social networking. The President right now gives weekly updates on Youtube about what was accomplished the current week in the White House. This is very important because it involves the youths in more important subject matters and gets them involved in what the government is doing. This is why the President chooses Youtube because it has a larger group of youths accessing this website. Fans can also find these websites of great benefit for their craving desire for their favorite musician, actor, and other symbolic figures of their choice. Many celebrities create their profile on websites like twitter and keep their fans updated with the latest information happing in their life and upcoming performances to keep their fans updated and interested in events. As for the good in anything there is always a bad. The bad in these websites is mostly concentrated on the privacy and security of the user. Websites like Facebook state in their term and conditions for all signing up users WE TRY TO KEEP FACEBOOKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦SAFE, BUT YOU USE IT AT YOUR OWN RISK (Facebook). This statement must be put heavy on the scale of signing up for one of these social networking websites. All the information anyone posts on these websites is saved and poses a danger to the user. Whichever information you post on these sites you leave a virtual footprint. This footprint can be easily tracked back to your exact location. Any one that can view a photo or video of you on these websites or on a computer to be in general can save it their computer and print this image and share around or save it for their own sake. Plus that embarrassing picture or video of you gulping down a keg of beer even has the potential to mess up your next job interview or review. Companies looking to hiring can view these embarrassing moments and have doubts in hiring you leaving you looking for a new job opportunity Networking Today. Many sexual predators also prey on these can of websites to manipulate their victim into thinking they are safe and friendly. There is no way of blocking these can of inhumane acts when signing up. Anyone can create a fake user name and convince their victims to meet them. Many shows like Dateline: To catch a predator gives us a glimpse on how easy someone can manipulate young teens into setting up conference with them to do sexual activities. MySpace identified 90,000 registered sex offenders with profiles on the site (Networking Today). Cyber bulling is the official name for when kids go on these websites and make fun at other children, these the acts can lead fatal (Cyber bullying). Cyberbullying is what I like to call killing the youths from the inside out. Teens go on to these websites and just taut and make fun of other children to make them depress and keep them down. This constant barrage of false lies and abuse can easily lead to suicide. This soon became a true reality check for Tina and Ron Meier when their daughter Megan Meier han ged herself after being cyber bullied. Not only are teens are doing these crimes adults too. It is also said that the use of Social Networking websites can lead to the brain disorders in children. When workers using these websites during work hours they cost their business millions of dollars. A 2007 study found that workers using Facebook in the office were costing Australian businesses up to $4.5 billion (US) per year Networking Today. The productivity of the workers drop immensely when they search the internet all day talking on websites like Facebook, MySpace, Twitter and not complete their daily task Networking Today. These companies are now forced to emplace proxy servers and remote computer monitors to view if their workers are staying on task. They servers can cost millions annually to install and maintain. In many ways social networking websites affect our daily life today. Whether for the good or the bad these websites are here to stay. These website help children in poverty ,with the access, to the internet to build basic knowledge on how to operate computers and design pictures and edit videos. Websites like MySpace help develop many computer fields skills like edit, write, and understand HTML with picture and video editing. Social Networking Websites does not even charge the user any money to learn these skills. The user learns these skills by the interface provide by these websites to customize their own homepage. However certain websites like Facebook does not offer much customization of the user page. In contrast to these wonderful befits these websites can cause personality and brain disorders in kids (Derbyshire). They also have many of evil people with access to these websites. If they have access to these websites that means they have access to our children and their profile information. In addition when some teen post information like school, location, age, grade and other information about themselves on these websites they are opening the doors to sexual predators. These website cannot offer real protection to our children on these websites and they hold no responsibility for anything that happens on their website. Work Sited Page Cyberbullying. What Is Cyberbullying?. 12/7/2009 http://www.ncpc.org/cyberbullying David Derbyshire, Social Websites Harm Childrens Brains: Chilling Warning to Parents from Top Neuroscientist,  Daily Mail,  Feb. 24, 2009   Facebook. Social Networking Website. 12/7/2009 . Jones, Steve. YouTube.  World Book Advanced. World Book, 2010.  Web.   7 Jan. 2010.(Book) Networking Today. Are social networking sites good for our society?. 12/7/2009 . social networking.  Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2010. Grolier Online. 7 Jan. 2010 . Social Networking in Plain English. Common Craft. 1/7/2010 .(Video) Word Count: 1,591

Responsible Executive Compensation for a New Era of Accountability Essa

Compensation and the Chief Executive Officer Executive compensation has come under increasing scrutiny in recent literature in the wake of the growing publicity surrounding managerial failures and executive self-interest. Financial experts have long been examining the problem of aligning the performance of executives with their salaries and benefits. Public discontent with the visible top-heaviness of the compensation structure has brought this issue into the spotlight throughout the business world. Experts point to the flaws of traditional payment schemes and offer a number of different solutions. Shareholder value and the success of the firm can be significantly affected by executive performance. Hence, understanding the advantages and costs of the current trends in executive compensation is crucial to the compensation committee of a Fortune 500 corporation. The compensation committee has a difficult task upon its shoulders. It must construct pay programs that attract and retain the best talent to address the individual organization’s needs. It must design a strategy that generates superior returns for investors, appropriately measure managerial performance, and institute a pay practice which is fair to both employees and shareholders and which really drives business results (Mercer p.4). There is abundant theory and research on the strategies thought to accomplish these goals, and the emerging trends in executive compensation seem to be highly successful. The growing public criticisms of ultra-high executive pay are not unfounded. According to Mr. Meizhu Lui, â€Å"the ratio of CEO pay as a multiple of average worker pay has grown tremendously, from 41 to 1 in 1960 to 411 to 1... ...an Resource Consulting. (Jan. 26, 2004). â€Å"Responsible Executive Compensation for a New Era of Accountability.† Perspective. Retrieved October 14, 2006, from http://www.mercerHR.com/responsibleEC Mercer Human Resource Consulting. (Aug. 9, 2004.). Tackling the Challenge of Aligning Pay with Performance. Perspective. Retrieved October 14, 2006, from http://www.mercerHR.com/perspective. Parrino, Robert. (2002). Rewrapping the package: Managerial incentives and corporate governance. Texas Business Review, 1(5). Retrieved Sept. 27, 2006, from the Business & Company Resource Center database. Traichal, Patrick A., George W. Gallinger, and Steve A. Johnson. (1999). The relationship between pay-for-performance contracting and external monitoring. Managerial Finance, 68(21). Retrieved Sept. 27, 2006, from the Business & Company Resource Center database.

Essay --

1.0 Introduction Digital information in China defined as information or records that are created in digital device and environment, also in digital format used device such as computer for access and process it (Liu, 2013). According to Voutssas (2012), digital preservation is the process of maintaining digital information using technology according to established policies and procedures as told by InterPARES (2006). National Archive of China and Latin America faced several problems in order to establish long-term preservation of digital information. Preservation of digital information is one of the activities that face with many problems than to print or other material format. The main problems are technological and economic that will influence the process of preserving digital information. For the technology obstacle, it’s related with the software, hardware, and also operating system that information may become unreachable and unfeasible and the cost use become high than others. Long-term pr eservation means that preservation that establishes for long period of times and need extra costs and personnel. 2.0 Discussion That’s important to preserve the digital information because to ensure that information still reliable and authentic for the future. This is because the information in archive has enduring value and act as evidence for some events. However, it’s not easy to preserve digital information because they need specialist to manage it and will face several problems. 2.1 Cultural Cultural problem totally about the awareness of people and institution in maintaining digital information by preserved them. That’s mean people in institution or organization in China and Latin America lack of awareness about the important of pre... ...need to think the ways to overcome the problems that exist while establish preservation for digital information or materials. The main problems that should be overcome are technology and cost problem. That’s problem related each other because in order to preserve digital materials, they need to use technology and assure need expert people to manage technology that they use and the cost will high. Besides that, the government should establish policies and procedures and give penalties to whose not follow those policies in preserving digital materials. This is to ensure that the materials preserve in proper way and maintain for future generation and the authenticity of the information still exist. Emergency plan also need to prepare in order to prevent that digital information damage while disaster such as backup or make copies and store in other storage media.

The Argument Essay: Just Dont Do It! -- Argumentative Persuasive Topi

The Argument Paper: Just Don't Do It! Â   English 101 is incredibly challenging and overwhelming to the typical college student. A narrative reflective essay, an expository essay, a novel, and the Nelson-Denny Reading Comprehension test are all crammed into ten weeks of backbreaking work. However, the most intolerable assignment of all has not even been mentioned yet: the argument paper! Students run around shrieking and cursing when they are handed the assignment. Most of them are enveloped by insanity during the writing process. When I mentioned the dreaded argument paper to a fellow classmate, he said that he felt my pain. English 101 students should not be required to write an argument paper because it is detrimental to their emotional well-being. Some people may think it necessary to know how to write an argument paper. Everyone will have to do it at least once in his or her life, and Freshman English is the place to learn how. But that is not the case. In truth, I have never heard of anyone writing an argument paper unless he or she is required to by law or is plannin...

The Representation of Race in Mass-Media

Race as a discourse, has emerged from society romanticizing the idea of biological and psychological differences existing between various ethnic groups. To comprehend and analyze the phenomenon of this racial dilemma, one must have a complete understanding of how culture and identity work hand-in-hand within our society. By controlling most of the social institutions, such as mass communication, politics and corporations; the dominant culture methodically overpowers and exploits the ethnic minority groups, in order to establish its own cultural identity. One such institution is mass media- an industry that not only historically oppresses ethnic minority groups such as African-Americans, but also diminishes their societal status to that of a second-class citizen through the use of stereotypical representations. Because, it is controlled predominantly by the white liberal elites- an autocratic, financially driven organization, whose main objective is to protect the integrity of white culture; mass media industry is therefore, forced to reject all moral conventions, in order to present ethnic minorities as antagonists. The ideas of Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Stuart Hall accurately represent the century-old exploitative and oppressive nature of mass media- an industry that has perpetually employed racialized discourse and racist expressions against ethnic minorities such as African-Americans, in order to portray them as subordinate. Stuart Hall, a cultural theorist and sociologist from the United Kingdom, suggests that humanity should simply not just study the theme of culture, but also view it as a primary source of social interactions (Proctor 16). Because culture is a site of an ongoing struggle of power between different ethnic groups, what Hall is suggesting is that, one should only study it with the mindset of exposing each and every one its negative consequences on humanity. According to Hall, in American culture, the mass media industry is one of the main reasons why such a power struggle continues to exist within our society. He describes mass media as an industry that not only generates and influences the beliefs of mankind, but also produces â€Å"representations of the social world, images, descriptions, explanations, and frames for understanding how the world is and why it works as it is said and shown to work† (Hall, â€Å"The Whites† 19). Since the beginning of time, race has played a vital role in the transformation of human consciousness. Therefore, as long as this notion exists in our society, mass media will continue to exploit it for financial profits. During the eighteenth-century, racial stereotyping was so widespread in the United States that any illustrator could pick up a pen and draw minorities based on the two themes of their lack of culture and innate laziness (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 249). These caricaturists and cartoonists degraded the African-American community by exaggerating their physical characteristics: big noses, frizzy hair, wide faces, dark complexion, thick lips and hips, etc (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 249). Hall describes such a form of ethnic discrimination as a â€Å"racialized regime of representation†, a phenomenon that continues to exist, even in the twenty-first century (Hall, â€Å"The Whites† 26). Throughout history, African-Americans have always been presented as a race that is juvenile, one-dimensional, and greedy for money and sex, and perpetrators of violence and crime (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 272). The uneven distribution of power in American culture has allowed the white population to characterize the lives of African-Americans as inferior, an objectification that has been frozen in time and space. Popular representations of racial stereotypes against African-Americans can be examined in the American cinema of the mid-twentieth-century. Donald Bogle’s 1973 critical study titled, Toms, Coons, Mulattos, Mammies, And Bucks: an interpretive history of blacks in African films analyzed the five main stereotypes that were prevalent in Hollywood films of the fifties and sixties: Toms- the good Negros, who were always â€Å"chased, harassed, hounded, flogged, enslaved, and insulted† (Bogle 6). Coons- a black child who was â€Å"unreliable, crazy, lazy, subhuman creatures good for nothing than eating watermelons, stealing chickens, shooting crap, or butchering the English language† (Bogle 7). The Tragic Mulatto- a fair skinned, mixed-race woman, with whom the viewers sympathized, because she was refused entry into the white community because of her â€Å"tainted† blood (Bogle 9). Mammies- the predominant black female servant who was big, loud, bossy, obese and self-sufficient (Bogle 9). Finally the Bad Bucks- physically strong characters, who were always â€Å"big, badddd niggers, over-sexed and savage, violent and frenzied as they lust for white flesh† (Bogle 10). According to Hall, the feature-length film that gave birth to such African-American characteristics was David Llewelyn Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation, released in 1915 (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 271). The silent film provoked great controversy, because not only did it promote white supremacy, but also depict the Ku Klux Klan positively as heroes- a secret white society that was destined to lead humanity to salvation. Griffith, a firm believer in anti-miscegenation laws and white supremacy, portrayed the African-Americans as negative characters who were a threat to white integrity; hence they had to be eliminated. Therefore, as the film demonstrates, white supremacy is upheld, and the good (whites) triumphs over evil (blacks) when the Ku Klux Klan physically assault the African-Americans, burn their houses down and lynch them in public (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 252). Karl Heinrich Marx, a renowned German philosopher, political theorist and sociologist argues that society is comprised of two classes: the exploited and the exploiters (Balkaran 1). He suggests that in any given society, one class will eventually conquer the other and exploit it thereafter, through any means necessary (Balkaran 1). Looking back at the American society of the nineteenth-century, it is evident that there was an existence of such class system, one in which the white population overpowered the African-Americans, and forced them to be slaves (Balkaran 1). Even in present day, such a form of exploitation can be discovered in the racial stereotyping of ethnic minority groups. According to Stuart Hall, the uneven distribution of power between the exploited and the exploiters can not only lead to economic profiteering, but also physical violence (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 259). This power has such a strong influence that it can allow one to represent the other in any form desirable: positive or negative. Hall describes such a form of objectification as a â€Å"racialized regime of representation†, a phenomenon that has negatively influenced the lives of African-Americans for centuries (Hall, â€Å"The Whites† 26). In the eighteenth-century, American culture granted an extraordinary power to the white population- the authority over African-Americans; forcing them to be slaves, hindering their success and confining them to lives to subordination. The white owners overpowered the black male slaves physically and emotionally by illustrating them as a gender, which did not have the apacity to own land or provide adequately for their families (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 262). As a result of the denial of these male attributes, black slaves were portrayed to the rest of the world as adolescents, who could neither take care of themselves or their families- a stereotype that is prevent, even in present day. Such stereotypes are only a reference to what has been conceptua lized in fantasy by the ones who hold most of the power (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 262). By representing the African-American slaves as lazy and incompetent, the elites are corrupting the minds of and perceptions of the general public. For Hall, racial stereotypes only present one-half of the story, the other half is where the deeper meaning lies (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 263). What he is referring to is the notion of a single racial stereotype leading to two different and independent human perceptions. This idea of a double meaning existing in a single stereotype can be examined in Antoine Fuqua’s 2001 motion picture Training Day. In the film, whenever Denzel Washington’s character, Detective Alonzo Harris acts ‘macho’, he negatively portrays the African-American community as perpetrators of violence, in addition to promoting the stereotypical black childlike behavior. However, in accordance with Hall’s notion of an implicit meaning existing in every stereotype, one can see that the ‘macho’ behavior is validating a much more disturbing and complicated white fantasy- that African-Americans are in fact aggressive, better endowed than their white counterparts, over-sexed and superspade (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 263). Henry Louis Gates Junior, an eloquent commentator on issues of multiculturalism and racism argues that the direct correlation between race and racism can be disputed. What he is suggesting is that discrimination against ethnic groups is linked more to the phenomenon of power relations than any biological assimilation (Daley 1). He believes that the notion of race is simply a fabrication, one with no real purpose with the exception of formal discussions, because: ‘races', put simply, do not exist, and to claim that they do, for whatever misguided reason, is to stand on dangerous ground†¦ For, if we believe that races exist as things, as categories of being already ‘there,' we cannot escape the danger of generalizing about observed differences between human beings as if the differences were consistent and determined, a priori (Gates 402). He is arguing that the notion of race has simply been etched in humanity’s consciousness with one goal in mind- to confine ethnic minorities to lives of subordination. Throughout the nineteenth-century, the Iroquois in Canada and the blacks in America were being forced into the so called ‘civilized’ white Christian society, because the bodies of these ethnic minorities were deemed inferior. Therefore, Gates believes that the portrayal of minorities was due to the wrongful employment of racial characterization, a process in which: one generalizes about the attributes of an individual (and treats him or her accordingly). Such generalizations are based upon a predetermined set of causes or effects thought to be shared by all members of a physically defined group who are also assumed to share certain ‘metaphysical' characteristics†¦ can have rather little to do with aggression or contempt in intent, even if the effect is contemptible (but often ‘well-intentioned') (Gates 403). According to Gates, not only does this form of representation lead to a ‘racist’ benevolence, paternalism and sexual attraction towards African-Americans, but also a romanticizing of black culture (Daley 2). This form of racial representation was condescending to the African-Americans, because it depicted them as having instinctual physical, structural, and biological characteristics of greed and violence. Through the use of mass media, white supremacists represented black culture as being an entity that was separate from the African-Americans (Daley 2). Mass media at time of the twentieth-century played a vital role in forming and reflecting public opinion on the issues of racial representation and discrimination. As a result of media, the word ‘Negro’ began to be associated with the balance of power in society. It became a metaphor of the conflict between good and evil, educated and barbaric, master and servant- a fight for the control of power; a struggle that was etched into the consciousness of all Americans (Daley 2). By negatively representing the African-Americans, mass-media had caused a division between the ‘blacks’ and the ‘whites’- a rift that is still evident in twenty-first-century; not only in the United States, but all over the world (Daley 2). One can argue that not only has this gap dictated every discussion related to race and racial bias of our time, but that it will continue to do so for centuries to come with no end in sight. Media will continue to depict African-Americans as individuals who perpetrate violence, and are only motivated by greed and ex, because this approach allows the industry to gain a mass audience- a predominant white population that believes in white supremacy and wants to see the black race oppressed and destroyed. Linking back to Gates view on minority groups being confined to lives of subordination in the eighteenth-century, one can see that mass-media in present day carries out the same form of oppression. Because the industry is dr iven by monetary profits, it employs racial prejudice in its broadcasts, and enforces certain negative stereotypes against minorities, in order to confine them to deteriorated lifestyles. The American cinema of the mid-twentieth-century is regarded by many cultural sociologists as an era that promoted the positive representation of African-Americans for the first time. Motion pictures released in the early fifties enlightened the general public of the sensitive issues of race and stereotypes. In spite of the industry being controlled predominantly by the elite class of White-Americans, the films that were generated, characterized the black community as positive role models. A clear-cut example of such positive racial representation in mass media can be found in Stanley Kramer’s The Defiant Ones, a 1958 cult classic, in which the character of Noah Cullen portrayed by Sidney Poitier disregards the notion of differences in race; instead assisting a white prisoner escape from jail. Not only did the portrayal of Noah Cullen allow Poitier to score a BAFTA award for best actor in a lead role; it also secured his admission into mainstream Hollywood films. Following the success of The Defiant Ones, Poitier’s on screen roles now exemplified everything that the stereotypical African-American figure was not (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 253). Even though the white elites controlled American cinema, they continued to construct characters for Poitier in such a way so as to positively portray the African-American community. His film characters were widely accepted by the white population as one of their own, because the morals, and behavior that he exhibited, met the standards of the mass audience (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 253). Poitier’s characters represented the quintessential Caucasian male: one who was fluent in English, well-educated, smart and had proper table etiquette (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 253). History had repeated itself in the case of Sidney Poitier, because by portraying the role of a reformed African-American male, he relinquished the very little power that he had, to the white elites. In the eighteenth-century, the White-American population established its identity by means of absorbing ethnic minorities into their so-called ‘civilized’ Christian body. Because white elites had transformed Poitier’s African-American character, from an un-cooperative, over-sexed, savage beast into a sexless, docile and sterile ‘civilized’ gentleman; he no longer posed a threat to the integrity and dignity of white culture (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 253). In the late sixties and early seventies, American cinema implemented different strategy, in order to financially exploit the African-American community. The industry introduced a new class of African-American heroes- individuals who challenged the notion of white culture as superior to all others. Case in point, Gordon Parks’ 1971 box office success, Shaft, in which the main character- a black detective disputes the very existence of white patriarchal power in American society (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 271). To attain maximum pleasure in his ‘mythic’ life, John Shaft resorts to violence, drugs, illegal money and sexual relations with white and black women (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 271). The stereotypical notion of an African-American’s child-like dependency on the white community that had been prevalent since the eighteenth-century could no longer be applied to John Shaft, because he was confident and self-sufficient. Because, his elegance and charisma appealed to the African-American audiences, they were susceptible to the exploitation of the film industry. Black viewers were able to identify with characters such as John Shaft, because they represented a â€Å"mythic† life- one which was glorious and heroic (Hall, â€Å"Representation† 271). They flocked to theatres by the thousands, in order to watch films that depicted the triumph of ‘black’ over ‘white’, but what they failed to recognize was that such movies were only produced so that they could be financially exploited. Word Cited: Balkaran, Stephen. â€Å"Mass Media and Racism. † Yale University. Oct. 1999. Web. 03 Dec. 2009. http://www. yale. edu/ypq/articles/oct99/oct99b. html#fn1. Gates, Henry L. â€Å"Race,† writing, and difference. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1986. Hall, Stuart. Representation cultural representations and signifying practices. London: Sage Publications Ltd. , 1997. Hall, Stuart. The Whites of Their Eyes: Racist Ideologies and the Media. London: Silver Linings, 1995. Bogle, David. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films. New York: Viking, 1973. â€Å"Mike Daley: The representation of ‘race' in mass media. † Mikedaley. net. York University. Web. 03 Dec. 2009. http://www. mikedaley. net/essay_raceinmassmedia. htm. Procter, James. Stuart Hall. London: Routledge, 2004. Balkaran, Stephen. â€Å"Mass Media and Racism. † Yale University. Oct. 1999. Web. 03 Dec. 2009. http://www. yale. edu/ypq/articles/oct99/oct99b. html#fn1.

Health History and Examination Essay

Neurological strategy ( channelizeaches, head injuries, dizziness, convulsions, tremors, weakness, stolidity, thrill, worry speaking, bother swal kickoffing, etc., medications) uncomplaining is officious, awake and oriented. Denies headaches, head injuries, dizziness, seizures, tremors, migraine, difficulty in speech and sw completelyowing. zero(prenominal) invoice of falls. persevering does mention that he has numbness and tingling of fingers and toes effortlessly. Takes Gabapentin 100mg orally terzetto quantify a day. Head and recognise ( upset, headaches, head/ pet reproach, neck upset, lumps/ increase, surgeries on head/neck, medications) longanimous denies neck or head injuries, denies s comfortablying or lumps on neck and head, Denies neck annoying or headaches. tickerball (eye distressingness, blurred vision, recital of go across eyes, redness/ stumblebum in eyes, watering, t stiletto heeling, injury/surgery to eye, glaucoma tasteing, vision study, gl asses or contacts, medications) affected role wears specs that atomic number 18 with him. bilaterally symmetric cataract surgery through in June 2013. standard vision checks aft(prenominal) surgery d atomic number 53 in November 2013 and at invest he is non on both medications at home. Ears (earache or other ear cark, bill of ear transmissions, discharge from ears, history of surgery, difficulty hear, environmental noise exposure, vertigo, medications) No complaints of ear pain, infection, surgery tinnitus delinquent to noise, or vertigo note. Not on each medications. challenging of hearing office ear that does not use a hearing support. Nose, Mouth, and Throat (discharge, brainsicks or lesions, pain, schnozzlebleeds, bleeding gums, sore pharynx, allergies, surgeries, usual dental cargon, medications) Denies discharge from trespass and throat, denies presence of sores or lesions in the mouth. Denies nose bleeds, bleeding gums, or sorethroat. No known allerg ies illustrious. Has upper and swallow dentures that diligent cleans with Polident tablets periodical. chronicle of Tonsillectomy at age 7. Skin, sensory hairs-breadth and Nails ( clamber disorder, modifys in glossiness, changes in a mole, prodigal dryness or moisture, itching, bruising, rash or lesions, recent hair loss, changing nails, environmental hazards/exposures, medications) diligent of ofs fell color is ethnic. Has some gray hair nevertheless no alopecia. Has well g elbow roomed nails. Denies unclothe problems. Particular about usage of moisturizing lotions after bath. Breasts and Axilla (pain or tenderness, lumps, nipple discharge, rash, bulge, scathe or injury to breast, mammography, breast self-exam, medications) patient denies any problems with breasts and axilla. Does not perform self-breast psychometric test. off-base Vascular and lymphatic carcass ( oarlock pain, cramps, skin changes in arms or legs, chunk in legs or ankles, swollen glands, med ications) Denies leg pain, cramps or discoloration of arms and legs. Complains of passing(a) swelling on ankles. Takes Lasix 40 mg orally once a day. Cardiovascular System (chest pain or tightness, SOB, cough, swelling of feet or hands, family history of cardiac disease, tire easily, self-history of heart disease, medications) Denies any chest pain or tightness. Denies shortness of inkling or weakness. Complains of occasional cough ameliorate by Robitussin DM 10ml orally every 6 hours as needed. Patient is hypertensive and had an MI in 2005 further denies any history of Congestive flavour Failure. Family history shows that his father died of heart attack at age 75. Patient had an echocardiogram and stress test through last year as outpatient and per patient results were recipe. Patient is taking aspirin 81mg orally periodical, Lopressor 25mg orally daily, and clopidogrel bisulfate 75mg orally daily. Thorax and Lungs (cough, SOB, pain on inspiration or expiration, chest pain with breathing, history of lung disease, smoking history, living/ work conditions that affect breathing, last TB skin test, flu shot, pneumococcal vaccine, chest x-ray, medications) Has occasional cough that could be due to change of climate. Denies shortness of breath or pain with breathing.Denies smoking and no history of lung disease is note. Immunized for Influenza and Pneumonia on 10/14/2013. Patient was in ER in March for cough and febrility and x-ray of the chest showed no abnormalities at that time. Musculoskeletal System (joint pain ineptness swelling, heat, redness in joints limitation of travail musculus pain or cramping malformation of bone or joint accidents or trauma to bones back paindifficulty with activity of daily living, medications) Denies any symptoms of joint problems and does not lend any medications at home. Patient is independent and requires no assistance for activities of daily living. His wife and he take walks on a daily basis for 20 minutes. Gas trointestinal System (change in appetite increase or loss difficulty swallowing nutritions not tolerated type AB pain nausea or vomit frequency of BM history of GI disease, ulcers, medications) Denies any gastro-intestinal disease, ulcers, or diabetes. Consumes low atomic number 11 diet with no added salt common chord times a day and a bedtime snack. Includes plenty of vegetables and fruits in his diet. No swallowing problems historied.No complaints of nausea, vomiting or diarrhea notable. Patient has daily bowel movement and reports that it is brown in color. Denies use of stool softener or laxative. An Endoscopy and Colonoscopy was done in January 2014 and no abnormalities illustrious at that time. Genitourinary System (recent change, frequency, urgency, nocturia, dysuria, polyuria, oliguria, vacillation or straining, urine color, narrowed stream, incontinence, history of urinary disease, pain in flank, groin, higher up pubic region or low back) Denies pain or any urinary problems. Patient verbalizes increased frequency of micturition due to Lasix. Patient wakes up in two ways at night to shit only he is continent of bladder. Per patient no prostate gland problem noted. Last prostate exam was done in February 2014. personal Examination(Comprehensive examination of each system. study findings.) Neurological System (exam of all 12 cranial nerves, motor and sensory assessments) Patient is awake, alert, and oriented with no memory loss. Patient is calm, cooperative and pleasant. Judgment is intact. Patients speaks clearly and in full sentences. No difficulty noted sequence speaking. No swallowing problems noted. Patient has a quiet gait with full strength. Sensations bequest in all extremities. Complaints of occasional numbness and tingling of fingers and toes but denies upon examination. Head and neck opening ( feel the skull, watch the neck, travel to the face, palpate the lymph nodes, palpate the windpipe, palpate and auscultate the thyro id gland) Skull and neck atomic number 18 normal on examination. No deformities or hematoma noted. No lymph nodes determine on palpation. Adams orchard apple tree present. Trachea is normal on palpation. Eyes (test visual acuity, visual fields, extra optic musclefunction, chew the fat external eye structures, inspect anterior eyeball structures, inspect ocular fundus) Patient has eyeglasses with him. Patient is able to open and close his eyelids. learner is round and reaction to light is chokepoint to both eyes. Denies any blurring, watering, or lacrimation of the eyes. No redness or infection noted.Ears (inspect external structure, otocopic examination, inspect tympanic membrane, test hearing acuity) Hard of hearing remunerate ear with no hearing aid. As per patient the physician had recommended hearing aid for the discipline ear but patient did not wish to use it. Otoscopic examination revealed normal ear canals and eardrums with minimal enumerate of earwax. Nose, Mouth, and Throat (Inspect and palpate the nose, palpate the fistula bea, inspect the mouth, inspect the throat) Nose, mouth and throat atomic number 18 normal on examination. On palpation no pain noted to sinuses. The upper and cast down dentures fit well on the patient and do not become loose while talking or chewing. Skin, Hair and Nails (inspect and palpate skin, temperature, moisture, lesions, inspect and palpate hair, distribution, texture, inspect and palpate nails, contour, color, acquire self-examination techniques) No skin get wind down or rashes or lesions noted on inspection of the skin. Color is normal to ethnicity. Skin is warm, dry and intact. Mucus membranes are pink and moist. Hair is gray and no alopecia noted. Texture of hair is soft to touch, no split ends noted.Kept short and clean. No ingrown nails or cracked nails noted. Nails are well groomed and pink in color. Patient verbalizes examining the skin and nails everyday while taking a shower. Breasts and Axilla (deferred for pattern of class assignment) Peripheral Vascular and Lymphatic System (inspect arms, symmetry, pulses inspect legs, venous pattern, varicosities, pulses, color, swelling, lumps) bilaterally symmetrical upper extremities are warm, symmetrical with bilateral radial pulses 2+. bilaterally symmetrical lower extremities are warm, symmetrical without any discoloration. No varicose veins noted. Bilateral pedal pulses 2+. A trace of hydrops is noted on both ankles and feet. Cardiovascular System (inspect and palpate carotid arteries, jugular venous system, precordium heave or lift, apical appetite auscultate rate and rhythm refer S1 and S2, any extra heart impenetrables, tattle) carotid arteries are normal with pulse 2+. No jugular vein distention noted. Apical pulse is 82 crush per minute, BP of 150/80 mm of Hg. spunk sizeables S1 and S2 are on auscultation. No murmur or extra heart sound noted. EKG shows aNormal venous sinus Rhythm.Thorax and Lungs (inspect tho racic cage, symmetry, tactile fremitus, trachea palpate symmetrical expansion, pleximetry of anterior, lateral and posterior, abnormal breathing sounds) thoracic cage is normal and symmetrical. No un unbendableity noted on palpation and tipion. wind sounds are clear and tinge on auscultation in all lung fields. Respirations are even, regular and unlabored. Patient has occasional nonproductive cough relieved by cough medicine. respiratory rate is 18/minute and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Musculoskeletal System (inspect cervical mainstay for size, contour, swelling, big bucks, deformity, pain, identify of deed inspect shoulders for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, pass of cause inspect elbows for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, mountain chain of performance inspect wrist and hands for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, sphere of motion inspect hips for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deform ity, pain, range of motion inspect knees for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion inspect ankles and feet for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain and range of motion) Cervical spines are normal in size, no pain or deformities noted with full range of motion.Bilateral shoulders are equal in size, no swelling or mass noted. No pain noted on movement of shoulders. Bilateral elbows, wrists and hands are equal in size, with full range of motion and equal in strength. No deformities noted on inspection. Bilateral hips are equal in strength, no swelling or mass noted. No test of redness or injury noted. Sacrum is intact. Bilateral lower extremities with full range of motion and equal strength noted. No swelling or deformity noted. Bilateral ankles and feet noted with trace of hydrops. Gastrointestinal System (contour of breadbasket, world-wide symmetry, skin color and condition, pulsation and movement, umbilicus, hair distribution aus cultate bowel sound, percuss all four quadrants percuss border of liver light palpation in all four quadrants muscle wall, tenderness, enlarged organs, masses, rebound tenderness, CVA tenderness) abdomen is flat and non-distended. Bowels sounds present in all four quadrants. Abdomen soft and non-tender on palpation. Percussion revealed tympany in all four quadrants. Umbilicus is midline and inverted. Surface of abdomen smooth and even, with homogenous color. No lesions or surgical scars noted. Genitourinary System (deferred for objective of thisclass)FHP AssessmentCognitive-Perceptual prototypePatient is alert and oriented, no memory loss. Well educated, and has the top executive to read, write and understand information. Patient uses eyeglasses for reading and is hard of hearing right ear. Nutritional-Metabolic samplePatient eats a low sodium diet with no added salt three times a day with a bedtime snack. Home cooked solid food with vegetables and fruits included in the diet are his preferences. The patient or his wife prepares the food. The patient and his wife do the food shopping. Sexuality-Reproductive PatternThe patient has three children and 5 grandchildren. He is not interested in familiar activities but loves to spend time with his wife. Pattern of EliminationPatient is continent of bladder and bowel. Urinary frequency is increased due to effect of medication (Lasix). Pattern of action at law and ExercisePatient is independent in activities of daily living. He is not come to in vigorous exercise but walks daily for 20 minutes along with his wife. Pattern of Sleep and RestPatient usually quiets for 6-7 hours at night with an good afternoon nap for 30 minutes. Patient wakes up twice at night to urinate but goes right back to sleep with no difficulty. Patient denies use of dormancy pills. Pattern of Self-Perception and Self-ConceptPatient is well svelte and has self-respect and respects others too. He leads a disciplined life with the ability to take care of himself and his wife. He is friendly with his neighbors and is an quick participant in church activities restart Your Findings(Use format that provides logical progression of assessment.) note (reason for seeking care, patient statements)Name Lawrence Kelly time/Sex 72 years/ mannishPresenting complaints Increased swelling of ankles and feet, numbness and tingling of fingers and toes, and occasional cough. Background (wellness and family history, recent observations) History of present complaintsPatient complains of swelling of feet and ankles for 2 weeks with numbness and tingling of fingers and toes. Occasional cough for last one week. Past medical History Hypertension, MI, Hard of hearing (Right Ear). medication historyLasix 40mg orally dailyAspirin 81mg orally dailyclopidogrel bisulfate 75mg orally dailyLopressor 25mg orally dailyGabapentin 100mg orally three times a dayAssessment (assessment of health state or problems, nursing diagnosis) Mr. Lawrence Kelly 72 year old male presented with complaints of swelling of feet and ankles with numbness and tingling of fingers and toes for the past 2 weeks. Occasional cough for the past one week. He is alert, awake and oriented with steady gait. Hard of hearing in the right ear. His vital signs are BP150/80 mm of Hg, Pulse 82, RR 18/minute, and Temp of 98.4. No chest tightness or pain verbalise. Breath sounds are clear and equal in all lung fields. Abdomen soft, non-tender and non-distended. Bowels sounds present in all four quadrants. No difficulty in urination verbalized and color of urine is amber. Trace edema noted on feet and ankles. Pedal pulses is 2+. care for DiagnosisFluid intensity level Excess manifested by edema of feet and ankles. recommendation (diagnostic evaluation, follow-up care, patient education training including health promotion education) Blood tests should be done including Comprehensive Metabolic Panel, Vitamin B12 Level, and BNP. roentgen ray Chest is recommended t o find out if patient has CHFEchocardiogram could be repeated as it was done more than 6 months ago drill the patient to monitor BP, Pulse, Intake and Output, and unremarkable Weights. Advise the patient to elevate the lower extremities on pillows to reducedependent edema Encourage the patient to read food labels on the sodium content turn away fried foods, canned and frozen foods (Nanda nurse Interventions, 2012) Provide information about community of interests services such as Heart Center at Barnabas Health, Phone No. 1-888-724-7123 (Barnabas Health, 2013).ReferencesBarnabas Health. (2013). Barnabas Health Heart Centers. Retrieved from http//www.barnabashealth.org/services/cardiac/index.htmlLifestyle and home remedies. Retrieved from http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-failure/DS00061/DSECTION=lifestyle-and-home-remediesNanda Nursing Interventions. (2012). Nursing Interventions for Fluid Volume Excess. Retrieved from http//nanda-nursinginterventions.blogspot.com/2012/04/nur sing-interventions-for-fluid-volume.html

History of Greenwich Village in Manhattan Essay

Greenwich colonisations history begins in the 16th degree Celsius when its area was first settled by native Australian American tribes and then by the Dutch who called it sore Amsterdam. In the 1660s, it was conquered by the British and its current appellation was first mentioned in 1713. In the late eighteenth degree Celsius, the area known today as majuscule Square Park was occupied by a Potters Field Cemetery, closed in 1826. During the outbreaks of yellow febrility and cholera in early nineteenth speed of light Manhattan, its citizens began to flee to Greenwich village building new houses in the Federal style, shops, and banks.They built New York University in 1836 and make it an artistic and intellectual center. Buildings in the Greek revival style appeared around Washington Square as well as the marble arch commemorate Washingtons inauguration as chairman that was built in 1892 ( resolution History). An whimsical wooden house at 6 Weehawken pass is the only surviv ing example of 18th century oyster bars that were common in the Village at that time. That street also had umpteen stables with flats in a higher place them some of which can be still seen today.residential houses whose ground floors were used for commercial purposes where more common, however. afterward the Civil War, Greenwich Village saw the erection of factories, warehouses, and new(prenominal) industrial buildings typical of the Industrial Revolution much(prenominal) as, for example, the Shepherd Warehouse at West highroad or the Tower Warehouses at Greenwich Street. The late 19th century also saw the erection of picturesque maritime hotels (Great Eastern Hotel) and ecclesiastical buildings (Victorian Public groom at West Street) (The Far West Village and Greenwich Village Waterfront).By the end of the 19th century, the besotted citizens built new buildings north from the original declaration that was left to the newly arrived immigrants from Europe. In the early twen tieth century, Greenwich Villages theaters and galleries attracted artists and writers, and new luxury apartment buildings appeared. In the middle of the 20th century, Greenwich Village began to verbal expression like it appears today and has not changed a cumulation since then. In the second half of the 20th century, many industrial buildings and warehouses were converted to residential buildings (Sass History of Greenwich Village, Manhattan).

Organizational Environments and Cultures

- PRINCIPLES OF vigilance - CHAPTER 3 organisational purlieuS AND nuanceS 1. HOW ever- changing ENVIRONMENTS coin ORGANIZATIONS purlieual salmagundi The deem at which a c tot all(prenominal)yer-ups familiar and ad hoc purlieu heightens * stable purlieus the say of purlieual alter is black * self-propelled purlieus the step of environmental variety is profligate * Punctuated counterpoise speculation companies go through with(predicate) retentive fdepressionings of perceptual constancy, followed by a short(p) tortuous period of fighting(a) modify (revolutionary periods) to subsequently fall d hold to stability * environmental complexness Refers to the bet and military capability of remote factors in the environment that hit ruleings * simple(a) environments fewer environmental factors interlacing environments some environmental factors * attributery scarceness Refers to the abundance or famine of tiny organisational imagings in a n musical arrangement a office environment * perplexity How fortified managers rear end go steady or predict the away deseparate and trends touching their condescension * unbelief is utmost when environmental change and complexness be at low trains and re first scarceness is humiliated (if environment is non besides change and doesnt change practically its casual to predict) . 4 COMPONENTS OF ecumenic ENVIRONMENT 1. preservation * It ascertains raw material personal credit line decisions such as whether to demand to a greater extent than employees, blow a f custom harvest-festivalionion, or push back discover loans to acquire * In a festering sparing to a greater extent products argon bought and sold, more hatful run and salaries advancement and viceversa (in shrivel economy) * line of work trustingness Indices shows how confidente true(a) managers ar round future day argumentation line increase 2. semipolitical/ administration-o rdered Trends Includes legislation, regulations, and court decisions that ordain and dumbfound line of products behavior * stark naked laws and regulations stretch bring out to see surplus responsibilities to companies 3. sociocultural Trends * demographic characteristics, world-wide deportment, attitudes and beliefs of peck in a accompaniment fraternity 4. technical Trends * Refers to the knowledge, tools and techniques employ to exchange inputs into outputs 3. volt COMPONENTS OF limited ENVIRONMENTThe limited environment is the environment that is incomparable to a firmlys application and that nowadays collide withs the way it conducts day-to-day craft. 1. node * observe nodes changing wants and involve is comminuted to business success. It preempt be through with(p) in ii ways i. excited node supervise identifying and addressing guest trends and problems later on they go on ii. proactive guest supervise identifying and addressing guest implys, trends and issues in advance they descend 2. competition Companies need to accommodate smashed caterpillar track of what their competitors ar doing * To do so, they perpetrate a hawkish abridgment * A combative compendium involves decision making who your competitors ar, anticipating competitors moves, and ascertain competitors strenghts and weaknesses 3. provider * provider dependance the course to which a play along relies on that provider because of the impressiveness of the providers product to the companionship * vendee dependency the arc arcdegree to which a supplier relies on a leveragingr because of the enormousness of that emptor to the suppliers sales * A igh degree of supplier or buyer dependency heap chasten to oportunistic deportment (benefiting at the put down of the other) * In contrast, kinship behaviour concenteres on establishing a mutually beneficial, semipermanent consanguinity among buyers and suppliers 4. pain s Regulations * Regulations and rules that govern the practices and procedures of particularized industries, businesses and professions * conflicting the political/ jural agent of the usual environment, this does non assume all businesses 5. protagonism Groups These ar congregations of interested citizens who roofy unneurotic to define to define the business practices of specific industries, businesses and professions * e. g. environmental protagonism multitudes attempt to play manufacturers to befoul less(prenominal) * shipway in which protagonism groups provoke influence businesses iii. state-supported communications conscious community of media industriousness to trip out out the groups pith iv. Media advocacy involves figure the groups strike as familiar issues that motivate everyone, forcing media reportage v.Product ostracise advocacy groups actively mass upvas to take consumers not to purchase a partnerships product or operate 4. qualifi cation good wiz OF changing ENVIRONMENTS Because immaterial environments toilet be dynamic, confound and complex, managers use a tether-step bring to reserve sense of the changes in their outside environments 1. environmental watch * distinct the environment for classic events or issues that cogency affect the organization * conductor scan the environment to precipitate incertainty 2.Interpreting environmental factors * afterwards scanning, the confederation determines what environmental events and issues mean to the organization. * single out environmental events as either threats or opportunities 3. Actiong on threats and opportunities * Managers decide how to reply to these environmental factors * Because it is im doable to toil all the factors and changes, managers verify on cognitive maps that summarize the perceived relationships among environmental factors and possible organizational actions 5.INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS organisational CULTURE organisation al purification is the set of beliefs, set and attitudes overlap b members of an organization. * Creating an organisational acculturation * The damp is the primary winding source of an organizations assimilation * Founders fabricate organizations at their own image * When founders are gone, finale is unploughed with i. Stories to punctuate culturally lucid assumptions, decisions, and actions ii. Heroes sight prise for their qualities and achievements in spite of appearance the organization. no-hit organisational finishings * are convertible * pay back employee interest * film a draw in partnership passel * be Consistent, unassailable nicety (even though strong destinations cringe adaptability) * changing organizational Cultures * Culture has three levels iii. Seen ( rebel level) iv. comprehend ( show value & beliefs) v. Believed (unconscious assumptions & beliefes) * Managers should just now focus on the parts of the culture they can control, those are the surface level items and expressed determine and beliefs